It looks like you've provided a block of text with some technical information and notes about Rufus, a USB formatting utility. You're also asking for help setting up Ubuntu, Kali, or Mint on a freshly formatted HP ProBook 4740s from a bootable USB stick created with Rufus.

To summarize your issue:

* You've created a bootable USB drive using Rufus.

* You've tried to install Ubuntu 20.04 (and other Linux distributions) from the USB drive.

* The installer works fine until it reaches the partition section, where it only detects the USB drive and not the hard drive.

To help you resolve this issue, I'll provide a few suggestions:

1. Try using a different USB drive creation tool to create the bootable ISO image. This will rule out any issues with Rufus.

2. Ensure that the BIOS settings on your HP ProBook 4740s are set to boot from the USB drive first. You can do this by pressing F2 or Del during boot-up and adjusting the boot order.

3. Check if the hard drive is detected in the BIOS settings. If not, you may need to enable it or configure the SATA settings.

Additionally, I noticed that you mentioned using Rufus version 4.3.2090 specifically for iPhone installation. Rufus is primarily used for formatting and creating bootable USB drives on Windows machines, so it's unlikely that you'll be able to use it for installing Ubuntu on a Mac (iPhone).

If you'd like to try an alternative method for creating a bootable USB drive, I can guide you through the process using the Disk Image Writer tool mentioned in your notes. Just let me know!

For iphone instal Rufus 4.3.2090